Deerfield embroidery was a style that developed in colonial New
England, specifically the town of Deerfield and the surrounding area.
It was a form of crewelwork using wool on linen, and the designs were
stylized flowers and leaves, often shared with neighbors.
In the
late 19th century, the town became interested in its own history,
including the arts and crafts of the colonial era, and two women --
Ellen Miller and Margaret Whiting -- founded the Deerfield Society of
Blue and White Needlework. Its purpose was to document and preserve all
embroidered works and patterns that they could, and also replicate the
designs for their own use or for sale. Wool threads were harder to get
at that time, so they used instead linen threads (of a much better
quality than we can get today) but stuck to the mostly blue and white
palette. Miller and Whiting were accomplished embroiderers who expected
the best from their stitchers, and for several decades this artistic
community thrived.
With the Bicentennial fever of the 1970s came a
renewed interest in all things colonial, and in 1976 Margery Burnham
Howe published this book documenting this history of Deerfield and the
Society and devoting a good chunk of it to patterns, stitches, and
stitch guides. It's a wonderful resource.
So why am I interested
in it? I grew up in western Massachusetts, and went to a private school
right in Old Deerfield. We often visited the local museums and restored
houses, and of course being little kids we were especially fascinated by
the Deerfield Massacre.
The first style of embroidery I learned was crewelwork, in a class at
my school (every trimester we picked a Friday elective). All this to
say, this book made me quite nostalgic.
I intend to buy my own
copy (I got this one from the library) so I can stitch several of the
patterns; Polly's Parrot in particular is calling to me. In the
meantime, I stitched a badge with the logo of the Society, a flax wheel:
I
don't actually like blue, so I picked the purpliest blues I had from my
stash of crewel wool. The D is in satin stitch and the rest is in New
England laidwork, aka Roumanian stitch. Several of the stitches were
known by different names then, including buttonhole which was called the
spike stitch. The Deerfield embroiderers also invented their own
stitch, a variation of herringbone; I hope to learn and use that in the next project.
This book is well-worth adding to your stitch library.